同位语从句-高中详细讲解整合版2-练习
同位语从句 一. 同位语从句的概念。 做同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明或说明前面的名词的内容。 带同位语从句的名词(抽象名词)有: news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, truth等。 引导同位语从句的有:连词(that,whether),连接代词(who,which,what)和连接副词(when,where,why,how)等。一般状况下用that引导。 I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 二. 同位语从句的连接词。 1. 由连接词that和whether引导的同位语从句,that和whether只起连接作用,不在从句中做任何成分。留意:表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不用if来引导同位语从句。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。 特殊留意which + n)如: He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必需回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 例1:I have no idea ____________ he’ll agree with my idea. 我不知道他是否会同意我的观点。 例2:It remains a problem _____________ they can prevent the river from being polluted. 他们是否能够阻挡这条河受到污染还是个问题。 例3:The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong. 老师没有告知我我们是否错了。 2. 由连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how引导的同位语从句,此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。 l have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 I have no idea which opinion I should support. My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have. 例1:The question __________ should go abroad required consideration. 例2:I have no idea ____________ one I should choose. 例3:I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials. 例4:It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants. 三. 学习同位语从句应当留意的几点 1. 表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether不用if来引导同位语从句。 2. 同位语从句的引导词有时及它所说明说明的名词被其他成分隔开,构成分隔式同位语从句。 例1:The story spreads widely that the queen likes to be surrounded with noble-looking gentlemen.据说女王喜爱身边有一群样子名贵的绅士。 例2:A saying goes that practice makes perfect.熟能生巧是一句谚语。 3. 若被同位语从句说明的是:建议(advice,suggestion,proposal),要求(demand, request, requirement),确定(decision),吩咐(order),劝说(recommendation)等名词时,同位语从句的谓语常用“should + do”,should经常被省略。 例1:I made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be brought to an end. 我提议闭会。 The suggestion that the new rule ______________ (adopt) came from the chairman. 接受新规则的建议是主席提出的。 The resolution that women ______________ (allow) to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参与这个协会的决议通过了。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we ____________ (use) the computer.老师给我们提出了一些如何运用电脑的建议 4. 名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导;no doubt(不怀疑)之后的同位语从句用that引导。 例1:We have some doubt _________ they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。 例2:There is no doubt __________ he will keep his promise. 他将遵守诺言,这一点是毫无疑问的。 例3:There is no doubt ___________ prices of cars will go down. 四. 如何区分定语从句和同位语从句。 1. 从语法角度看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何句子成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接作用之外,还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。 2. 从语意角度看,同位语从句及前面的名词是同位关系,两者可以转换为主表关系(在名词及that之间加is/was)表示“……是……”;定语从句及它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“……的”,起修饰作用。 例1:The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.(同位语从句) 可改为:The news is that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday. 例2:The news that you’ve heard isn’t true.(定语从句) 若改为:The news is that you’ve heard.则句意不完整。 3. 同位语从句的