初中英语常见词汇辨析

初中英语常见词汇辨析 英语近义词辨析 1.辨析：such和so:二者都表示程度，“如此；这样”，其区别为： such 形容词 Such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数 It s such an interesting story. Such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词 I have such good books to read. so 副词 So+adj/adv I m so glad to hear from you. So+adj+a/an+可数名词单数形式 It s so nice a day! So+many/much/few/little+n There are so many visitors in the park today. 注意：“such+a/an +adj+可数名词单数形式”可与“so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数形式”转换。 She is such a kind girl.=She is so kind a girl. 2.each和every each adj 强调个性，着眼于整体中的个 体 Each school has its library. 每一所学校都有自己的图书馆 pron He gave two to each. Every adj 强调共性，着眼于整体 Every child was dressed in a costume. 所有孩子都穿了演出服 注意：each不能与almost,nearly及not搭配使用，而every可以。 Almost every window was broken. Not every student went on holiday. Each不能用于否定句，在否定句中应用none。 None of the books are mine. 3.alone与lonely Alone 形容 词 单独的，独自的 常作表语 强调客观情况，数量上只有一个 副词 单独；独自 常作状语 lonely 容形 词 孤独的；寂寞的 常作表语 强调主观感情，指心灵上的孤独， 具有伤感色彩 偏僻的，人迹罕至的 在名词前作定语 用来说明某地方荒凉 She was alone in the dark room.她独自一人呆在那间黑暗的屋子里。 He lives alone but he doesn t feel lonely.他独自生活，但并不感到孤独。 It s a lonely beach.那是一个人迹罕至的海滩。 4.stop doing sth与stop to do sth. stop doing sth 停止做某事 指停止正在做的事情 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事 One of +可数名词复数：……之一，做主语时，谓语动词要用单三形式。 12 / 1 初中英语常见词汇辨析 English is one of my favorite subjects. One of my friends knows you. 5.few,a few与little，a little 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 否定（几何没有；少） few little 肯定（有几个；少量） A few A little There are few eggs on the plate,so I must buy some. 盘子里没几个鸡蛋了，所以我必须买一些 There are a few eggs on the plate,so I needn t buy any at once. There s little milk in the glass.杯子里没多少牛奶了。 There s a little milk in the glass.杯子里有一点牛奶。 6.Anyone：不定代词，“任何人”，相当于“anybody”，常用语否定句或疑问句中，代替“someone/somebody”。 anyone 只指人，不指物，且后面不接of 短语 any one 既可指人，又可指物，表示“任何一个”，后面可接of 短语 Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs . 我们班上任何人都知道这些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。 7. Quite a few 相当多，不少，修饰可数名词复数。He will stay here for quite a few days Quite a little 许多，相当多，修饰不可数名词There is quite a little water in the bottle. 8. bored 厌倦的；烦闷的；感到无聊的 常做表语，用于说明人的感受 boring 无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的 可做表语或定语，用于说明或修饰事物 The movie was so boring that almost everyone felt bored. 这类形容词：interest和interesting、excited和exciting、surprised和surprising 9.辨析：excited与exciting excited 兴奋的；激动的，作表语，主语一般是人 I m so excited that we re going to New York. exciting 令人兴奋/激动的，作表语，主语一般是物；也可做定语 His work is exciting. The boy was very excited when he heard the exciting news. 10.⑴try:此处做vt，常后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式，意为“尝试、试图、设法；努力” Try doing sth 尝试着做某事 表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力 Try to do sth. 尽力、设法做某事 表示想尽一切方法要把事情做成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成 Try做vi，意为“尝试、努力” I don t think I can do it ,but I‘ll try. Try:做名词，”尝试”，have a try.“试一试” 11.作“花费”：cost/spend/take /pay spend 花费（时间、