电子信息与通信工程专业英语王立琦版课文翻译

精品文档---下载后可任意编辑 Resistor A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current， that is ,in accordance with Ohm’s law VIR .The electrical resistance R is equal to the voltage drop V across the resistor divided by the current I through the resistor。 Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. 电阻器是一个二端口电子元件,电阻是阻止电流流动，通过按比例产生其端子之间的电压降的电流,也就是说，根据欧姆定律V IR.电阻R等于电压降V除以通过电阻的电流I。电阻作为电子网络和电子电路的一部分。 Transistor In electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals 。 A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material , with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit。 A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals。 Because the controlled current can be much larger than the controlling current, the transistor provides amplification of a signal。 The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices， and is used in radio， telephone, computer and other electronic systems。 Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits. 在电子技术中，晶体管是一种，常用来放大或进行开关控制电子信号的半导体器。晶体管是由一块固体半导体材料制成的，且至少有三个终端与外部电路连接。电压或电流适用于一双晶体管的终端改变目前流经的另一对终端.因为受控电流可以远大于控制电流，晶体管提供信号的放大。晶体管是构建现代电子设备的基本单元,并在收音机，电话，计算机和其它电子系统被使用.一些晶体管被单独包装，但大多数都在集成电路中。 Transer A transer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to anther through inductively coupled electrical conductors . A changing current in the first circuit creates a changing magnetic field； in turn， this magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit。 By adding a load to the secondary circuit， one can make current flow in the transer， thus transferring energy from one circuit to the other。 变压器是一种通过感应耦合将电能从一个电路传输到另一个电路的装置。在第一电路中的一个变化的电流创建一个不断变化的磁场；反过来，这个磁场诱导第二个电路中的电压变化.通过向二次回路中增加负载，使电流在变压器中流动，从而将能量从一个电路传递到另一个电路中。 Relay A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit . In the original ,the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts。 It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the circuit ，it can be considered to be, in a broad sense, a of an electrical amplifier。 继电器是一种电子开关，控制另一个电路的打开和关闭。在原始形式中，该开关是由一个电磁铁操作，打开或关闭一个或多个触点.它是由约瑟夫亨利在1835年发明的。由于继电器能够控制比输入电路功率更高的输出电路，广义上说， 它可以被认为是电子放大器的一种形式。 Types of circuits In any circuit where the only opposition to the flow of electrons is resistance ， there is a definite relationship between the values of voltage ， current， and resistance。 This relationship was discovered by George Simon Ohm in 1827. It is known as Ohm’s law。 任何电路中电阻仅仅阻止电子的流动, 电压，电流和电阻的值之间有一个明确关系.这种关系在1827年由格奥尔格西蒙欧姆发现。它被称为欧姆定律。 Duality