中考考点主谓一致详细大全

主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致是指 1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 一、名词作主语的主谓一致一、名词作主语的主谓一致 ⑴ 本身表示复数概念的，如people, police, cattle, clothes等，其谓语动词要用复数形式。 例如 people are talking about the news. Cattle feed on grass. ⑵ 集合名词作主语，如强调整体，谓语动词常用单数；如表示组成集体的分散个体，谓语 动词要用复数。常见集合名词有family, class, team, group, government, audience, crowd, company, public, army, staff, population, majority等。 例如My family is very large. His family are waiting for him. ⑶ 有些名词，如 equipment, furniture, baggage, machinery, clothing, jewellery等在句子中作主 语时，谓语动词要用单数。 例如The furniture in my room is old now. ⑷ 表示时间，距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，常被看做整体，谓 语动词用单数。 例如 Twenty years is a long time. A hundred miles is quite a long drive, isn’t it 二、代词的主谓一致二、代词的主谓一致 ⑴ 主语为 somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, either, neither, each, one, the other, another等不定代词时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 e.g. Everyone is here. 大家都到齐了。 Nobody knows the answer.没有人知道答案。 ⑵ all指人时，谓语动词常用复数；指物时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 e.g. All was silent. 指物 All are here now. （指人） ⑶ Such作主语，谓语动词要根据它所指的具体内容来决定单复数 Such is my plan. Such are his words. ⑷ 在定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that等做主语时，其人称和数的变化随要修饰的名 词而定。 例如 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman. 【友情提示】辨析 ⑴ He is one of the teachers in our school who know know Japanese. 他是我们学校懂日语的老师之一。（不止一个） ⑵ He is the only one of the teachers in our school whoknowsknows Japanese. 他是我们学校唯一一个唯一一个懂日语的老师。 三、并列结构作主语的主谓一致三、并列结构作主语的主谓一致 ⑴ 主语由 and或 both and 连接，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词谓语也用复数） Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. Mr. John and Mrs. John are scientists. 【友情提示】 ① and连接的名词表达的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词公用一个冠词（代 词），谓语动词用单数形式。 The singer and dancer is to attend the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加这次晚会。 Bread and butter is her favorite food.黄油面包是她最喜欢的食物。 【比较】 My friend and lawyer has caught a cold. 译为。 My friend and my lawyer have caught a cold. 译为。 ② 用 and连接的两个名词表示同一概念的常见短语有 一副刀叉 a knife and fork针线 a needle and thread ⑵ 由 and 连接的两个单数主语前面如有every, each, no, many amany a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单 数形式。 例如 Each boy and each girlwaswas given a book. ⑶ 当 either or , neither nor, not but also , not but, or等连接并列主语 时，谓语动词应遵循“就近“原则，即根据最靠近谓语动词的主语来确定。 例如 You, he or I am right.我，你或者他是对的。 Is either he or you right 是他还是你对了 ⑷ 主语后有 with, together with,with, together with, along with, besidesbesides, butbut, including, as well asas well as, rather than, exceptexcept, in addition to等短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 例如 All the students besides Marry have gone to the cinema. He as well as I works very hard. I, rather than you, am to blame for it. 四、动名词短语、动词不定式短语或名词性从句充当句子主语时，谓语动词用四、动名词短语、动词不定式短语或名词性从句充当句子主语时，谓语动词用 单数单数 例如To get on well with him is hard. What she said is right. 【友情提示】由 and连接的动词不定式短语等，其谓语动词主语根据句子的单复数概念决 定。例如 When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. When to hold the meeting and where to hold it are two things. 五、其他结构作主语的主谓一致五、其他结构作主语的主谓一致 ⑴ 在 there be句型中，如主语不止一个，谓语动词根据“就近”原则，常和最靠近的那 个主语在单复数上保持一致，以here