高中名词性从句讲解与练习包含答案
名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句分为主语 从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 (一)引导名词性从句的连接词(一)引导名词性从句的连接词 类别词义在从句中的作用 that无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何 句子成分; 一般可以省略,但是在句首不可省略。 if 和 whether意为“是否”, 表起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句 明从句意义的不子成分 确定性 关系代词起连接作用, who,what,which,whom,有各自自身的意并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等 whose,whatever,whoever,义 whomever, whichever 关系副词有各自自身的意起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语 when,where,why,how,however,义 whenever, wherever (二)主语从句(二)主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2.that2.that 引导主语从句时,不能省略。引导主语从句时,不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 3.用 it 作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。 It系动词形容词that从句 necessary,right,likely,wrong,important,certain,clear. It系动词名词that 从句. a pity, a shame, a fact,no wonder. Itbe 动词 edthat 从句. said,told,reported,suggested,considered It特殊动词that 从句. seem,turn out,appear,matter. e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 4.whether 引导的主语从句可放句首,而 if 引导的主语从句不能放句首,只能放句末。 Whether the worked can be completed on time is doubtful. It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed. (三)表语从句(三)表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词 that 有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work. 3.一般不用 if 引导表语从句,用 whether. The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. . 4.其他连接词as if ,as though,because,as,like. It sounds as if/though he has been really ill. 5. 主语为 reason表语从句中的连接词要用 that,不用 why. The reason why he was unhappy is that he has lost his keys. 6.表语从句中的虚拟语气. (四)宾语从句(四)宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词 that 一般可省略。 e.g. I hope that everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用 which 或 if 连接,要分别用 what 或 whether。 e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work I’m interested in what you’ve said. 3、whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用 if,不用 whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ②用 if 会引起误解,就要用 whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go. ③宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用,就不能换成 if;不直接连用,可换。 e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true. I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。 whether 可与不定式连用。 whether 也可引导主语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用 if, 而不能用 whether。 e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don’t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time. (五)同位语从句(五)同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语, 一般位于该名词 (如 news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise 等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。 1.if 一般不引导同位语从句。 2.引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 3.定语从句和同位语从句的区别 Athat 引导的两种从句的区别 1定语从句说明名词的性质,特征,来源;同位语从句说明名词所表示的具体内容。 2定语从句中 that 充当成分,而同位语从句中 that 只是连词,不充当成分,也不能省略,也不能用 which 替代。 3同位语从句的先行词往往使含有某种信息的词message,news,fact,hope,problem,suggestion 4判断方法凡是同位语从句,皆可以改为The news/idea/thought is that的结构,而定语从 句不可以。 The news that our team won the game excited us all.The news was that our team won the game. The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.