读后续写和概要写作

新高考英语作文新题型概要写作，怎样科学备考 概要写作题型特点概要写作题型特点 概要写作（summary）， 牛津高阶英语词典 （第 8 版）对它的定义如下“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。 也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的 前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文， 也可称之为摘要。这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力， 另一方面也 考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因 此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥 梁。 从考试说明上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发 现概要写作有以下特点 客观性概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再 现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免 使用原文中的字句。考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。需要注意的是，考生 不能对原文进行解释和评论， 也不能掺杂任何个人想法， 或做出任何评判， 因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。 简洁性简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。 概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过 删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性， 但是简洁的同时还要 做到意义的完整。 连贯性概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些 体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。 分析把握评分原则分析把握评分原则 考试说明中关于概要的评分原则中第一条本题总分为25 分，按 5 个档次给分；评分时， 先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最 后给分。其中最高档次第五档（21-25 分）的给分描述如下理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用 相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己 的语言。 根据以上的评分原则，我们该如何正确把握概要写作呢下面以考试说明中概要写作的样 题为例 阅读下面短文，然后用 60 个单词左右概括短文的要点。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the advantage of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of 1 cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist 免疫学家, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some reason. 首先通过阅读我们知道文章一共有4 段，它按照时间的顺序、总-分的方式来陈述人们在不同时 期对于“dirt”的不同观点，即 Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time。文章第一段的第二句 是全文的主旨，第二、三、四段都是在不同时期人们对于“dirt”的不同看法，基本可以确定attitudes、 dirt 和 time 为全文的关键词。其中第二段是讲在16 世纪，欧洲一些国家特别是英法两国中的皇室贵 族们对