故宫建筑文化

一、一、Who built itWho built it The Forbidden City is all the creation of one brilliant and terrifying Ming emperor 紫禁城是一位伟大而又令人畏惧的皇帝构想的 Yongle. 永乐帝 In 1420, he took the throne by force 在 1420 年，他赢下了靖难之战 after waging a brutal civil war against his nephew the Jianwen Emperor. 夺下了他侄子建文帝的皇位 Yongle burnt Nanjing and declared he would build a new northern capital 1,000 kilometers away, Beijing. 永乐烧了南京，并宣布将在 1000 公里以外另建首都，北京 By building the forbidden city at the heart of his new capital, 在他的新首都的中心建立紫禁城 the new emperor would create a dazzling display of power . 这位新皇帝可以大肆炫耀他的权力。 三、建筑基本构件三、建筑基本构件 1. 1.台基（可找）台基（可找） Many of the key halls and palaces sit on layers of marble terracing. 许多关键的宫殿都坐落在大理石地基上。 In the Buddhist scriptures, the Sumeru Mountain is said to be located on the the center of the world. 在佛教经典中，世界的中心有座须弥山。 Therefore, statues of Buddha, Bodhisattva are enshrined on the sumeru pedestal. 因此，在佛国，佛、菩萨的造像都供奉在须弥台座上。 The sumeru terraces in the forbidden city 在紫禁城的须弥座台阶 reflects the emperor’s desire to live on a high terrace. 反映了帝王对居于高台的渴望 The terraces are reservations plat of military look out points, and foundations of wooden houses to avoid being drown 这些台基专用作观敌、并能使木建筑免受水浸的基台 2. 2.木头圆柱（可找）木头圆柱（可找） The Forbidden City’s biggest hall contains thousands of timbers. 紫禁城里最大的宫殿里有几千根原木。 The roof area alone is revealed as a forest of complex beams joints and trusses. 光是屋顶的梁椽和节点就密密麻麻犹如森林。 Columns are supporting the structure. 柱子支撑整个结构。 And they look beautiful as well. 看起来也确实是美轮美奂。 This is a single log of a nanmu tree the rarest of all Chinese woods. 这是一整颗的中国最稀有的楠木。 It’s straight, dense and resistant to rot. 它笔直，紧实，并且耐腐蚀。 3. 3.开间和进深（暂无）开间和进深（暂无） The width and the depth of the hall depends on the level of the statues of the owner. 大殿的开间和进深取决于屋主的地位。 Above the terrace, there is the Hall of Supreme Harmony（Taihe Dian） 在高台上，是太和殿 The hall of Supreme Harmony is the highest-level hall of the Forbidden City, 太和殿是紫禁城最高等级的建筑 with a width of 11bays and a depth of 5 bays, 面阔 11 间，进深 5 间 the roof of which is held up by 72 huge columns. 用 72 根巨大的柱子承托起屋顶。 4. 4.大梁、斗拱（可找）大梁、斗拱（可找） Soon you will notice this huge golden roof, 你会立刻注意到这个巨大的金色屋顶 and it curve outward away from the building in a way that you just dont see in European architecture. 它向外延展，在任何欧洲建筑中都不可能看到这样的 looking here, what we have is these elegantly coloured cross beams,decorated with imperial dragons and phoenixes. 看看这，这是一根精美装饰的横梁，雕龙画凤 and they are there to support these huge red columns. 他们连接着这些红色的柱子 that bear the structual load of that massive roof. 这些红色柱子又在结构上承载了整个巨大的屋顶 these beams and columns are the structural core of the forbidden citys buildings. 这些横梁是紫禁城里各种建筑结构的核心 in between the cross beams and the roof, 在这些横梁和屋顶之间 under that mesh 在这些网下 theres these flower–shaped brackets 有这些花型支架 and they are called Dou Gong 他们就叫做斗拱 A dougong is a complex bracket that supports the huge roof. 斗拱是一种复杂的支架，用以支撑整个屋顶 at first glance, it looks like an eloborate decorative feature 第一眼看去，它看起来好像花哨的装饰品 But the unique design is