初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习被动语态 重难点掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。 【知识总结归纳】 一. 概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer主动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 That factory was visited by us last summer被动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态 一般现在时 am / is / are P.P. 主动语态 （1）Do they speak French （2）They don’t use the room . 一般过去时 was / were p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . 现在进行时 am / is / are being p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . 过去进行时 was / were being p.p. （1）He was selling books . 被动语态 Is French spoken by them The room isn’t used by them . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him . Books were being built by him . The plan was being （2）They were discussed by them at that discussing the plan at that time . time . （1）She has learned Many English words have been learned by her . 现在完成时 have / has been p. p.many English words . （2）He has finished the work . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时 had been p.p. （1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时 shall / will be p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . A plan will be made by me . （2）They are going to fix The radio is going to be the radio in an hour . fixed by them in an hour . （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . （1）We should hand in our homework . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week . Our homework should be handed in by us . 过去将来时 would be p.p. was/ were going to be p.p. 情态动词 can / may / must / should be p.p. The question must be （2）You must answer the answered in English by question in English . you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态 1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个 留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词 “to”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） We are often told interesting stories by him.  （被动语态） Interesting stories are often told to us by him. ▲常带双宾语的词有tell , show , lend , pass 等。 2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当， to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个 to 还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） 宾语 宾语补足语        复合宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。 3. 有些“be 过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来 充当表语）。” 比较（1） 系表结构The door is closed.门是关着的。 。 被动语态 The door is closed by Fengping.这个门是由冯平来关的 。 系表结构The glass is broken .这个玻璃杯是坏的 （2）The glass was broken by Mary. 这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。 被动语态  4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词介词词组才可以有被动语态。 Great changes have taken placein China .正确 eg. Great changes have been taken placein China . 错误   The dolphin disappeared in the deep sea .正确 The dolphin was disappeared in the deep sea .