交通工程专业英语翻译TheEvolutionofTransport

The Evolution of Transport 交通运输业的发展 The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the ation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals， clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups ed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense． When the first nations came into being， transport played a major role in establishing national integrity． 交通运输的发展一直密切联系在一起的人类发展的整个地球的历 史。运输的早期功能是为了满足提供食物供给和搬运建筑材料。但是 随着部落甚至最后国家的形成，运输的社会和经济功能越来越复杂。 起初有需要调动个人，家族，家庭和动物以保护他们的反对，并逃避 自然灾害和部族侵略的危险，寻找最好的地方定居。随着种族部落的 形成和地理界线的逐步确定，开发新区域、开采新资源、发展社区间 的贸易以及捍卫领地，这些都日益需要交通的发展。当第一个国家应 运而生,在建立全国的完整性方面,交通运输扮演着重要角色。 After basic societal needs had generally been attended to，local communities could increasingly devote their efforts to enhancing their economic，cultural，and technological development through trade links with other peoples and regions．Again，transport provided the mobility required for such intertribal, international，and finally intercontinental cultural exchange and trade．During all of this gradual development toward an organized human society，represented today through the international family of nations，transport as physical process of moving people and goods，thus promoting such development，continuously underwent technological and organizational changes．Such changes were induced by several factors and circumstances．In fact，today’s transport in its various s and organizational arrangements remains highly subject to changes in response to societal requirements and preferences． 基本的社会需求一般都得到照顾后，当地社区可以越来越多地贡 献自己的努力，用来加强与其他国家的人民和他们的经济贸易联系， 文化和科技发展。而且交通提供了诸如部落间、国际间乃至于洲际间 便利的贸易和文化交流。在向有组织的人类社会的演变过程中，这种 组织在今天是通过由各国组成的国际化大家庭表现出来的， 交通作为 人与货物移动的物理过程，电促进了这种发展，不断地经历着技术与 组织方面的改变。这些变化是由多种因素和情况引起的。事实上,今 天的运输在它的各种形态和组织仍然高度受变化的社会需求和偏好 的回应。 Clearly，the first and foremost criterion to be satisfied by transport was efficiency． For centuries， and particularly during the takeoff stages of local economics ， society required reliable ， fast ， and low cost transport ． The search for appropriate technologies was relatively unconstrained．There were times in human history when the demand for reliable and fast transport was especially pronounced， and quick solutions were required for national self-defense. During such periods of local and international conflict, human ingenuity devised new transport technologies which often proved to be the decisive element for su