2017年中考二轮专题复习材料语法专题10：非谓语动词

中考考点十非谓语动词中考考点十非谓语动词 一、动词不定式（主动，经常性和将来的意义）一、动词不定式（主动，经常性和将来的意义） 1. 1.动词不定式作宾语。动词不定式作宾语。 11在动词在动词 want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,needwant ,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。等后常用动词不定式作宾语。 I hope ______hearfrom you soon . 2think/find /feel /make it adj to do sth2think/find /feel /make it adj to do sth He found it difficult _______get to sleep. 3.stop to do sth / stop doing sth3.stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。 After working for a long time , He has to stop _______have a rest . He was very tired , so he had to stop ______work. 2. 2.动词不定式作宾语补。动词不定式作宾语补。 1.带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help sb to do sth Please ask him _________come quickly. 2.省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watchsb do sth 注省掉 to 的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to . He made the baby _______stop crying . The baby was made ______ _____ crying. 3. 3.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语 1.动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2.常用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth 谓语动词adj /n It 谓语动词adj / n to do sth To get an injection is a little painful . _____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection 4. 4.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后 名词或代词to do介词 注若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。 I want a pen to write ______.I want a piece of paper to write ______. 5. 5.动词不定式与疑问词连用动词不定式与疑问词连用 疑问词 to do sth 注在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词to do sth”. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital. 6. 6.动词不定式可作状语动词不定式可作状语 1.1.动词不定式可作目的状语动词不定式可作目的状语 在 come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。 He came here ______gethis book. 2.2.动词不定式可作原因状语动词不定式可作原因状语 表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语 He was glad _______see his wife. 3.3.动词不定式可作结果状语动词不定式可作结果状语 在 tooto , not enough to 句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。 He was too tired _______walk on . 7. 7.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语 be to do sth 注动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。 Her wish is _______become a doctor . _____ _____ is her wish . 8. 8.动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式 在动词不定式的前面加 not .He told me _______not stay here . ★注意辨别 to 的词义 To 有两种用法1）不定式符号，后接动词原形；2）介词，后接名词或动名词 to 为介词的初中常见短 语有 be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事；look forward to doing sth 期盼做某事；pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事；make a contribution to doing sth 为------做贡献；prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做------而不愿 做------ 9. 9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。 1.1.动词不定式符号的省略情况动词不定式符号的省略情况 若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to 都不能省略。 Edison’s mother taught him to write and read . I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema. 22省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号 toto 的情况。的情况。 Will you take a walk with me I’m glad to . Would you like to join my birthday party I would love to . 二、动名词（主动，经常性）二、动名词（主动，经常性） 1. 1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading in bed ______be bad for your eyes. 2. 2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。 （见附录（见附录 2 2）） 3. 3.动名词作表语可以和主语互换位置。动名词作表语可以和主语互换位置。 4. 4.动名词作定语强调中心名词的用途。动名词作定语强调中心名词的用途。