过去分词作定语

过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。 从性质上讲，过去分词相当于形容词和副 词。因此它在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾补和状语。过去分词一般含有完成或 被动的意思。下面我们重点学习其作定语和表语的用法 一、过去分词作定语 1. 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。 有的过去分词如 given, left 等习惯上后置。 a lost animal 一只迷路的动物______ a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一根受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 Complete the sentences with the words given. 用所给的词完成句子。 注意过去分词作定语时，有时只表示被动含义。 spoken English 英语口语 written rcises 书面练习 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成含义。 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the advanced countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 2． 过去分词短语作定语常常放在被修饰的名词之后，表示被动或完成意义。 How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods 我多懊悔在树林里浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth. 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。 We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago． 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。 注意过去分词短语作定语时在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan. The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan. 昨天买的这本书花了我十元钱。 The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake. The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake. 去年建的房子被这场地震毁了。 二、过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，前面的系动词有包括 be 在内的多种形式。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动 词所表示动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed． 这家商店现在已经关门了。状态 This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday． 这家商店每天 6 点关门。动作） 注意 当用作表语的过去分词表示人的某种感情或情绪时， 含有 “感到” 之意，常用来修饰人。 He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University. 他很高兴被北京大学录取了。 My son was very disappointed when he heard the news. 听到这个消息我的儿子非常失望。 练习 1. From your______voice, I have to say that you are really______ . A. disappointed, disappointed B. disappointing, disappointing C. disappointed, disappointing D. disappointing, disappointed 2. This is the problem______at the meeting yesterday. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. having discussed 3.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMining Company,______as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 4. Don’t use words, expression or phrases______only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known5. The Olympic Games, ______in 776 BC ， did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 6. The flowers______sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 有关过去分词做定语用法，请注意以下几个问题（1） 过去分词用作前置 定语 若是单个的过去分词或只带副词修饰的单个过去分词做定语, 通常置于所 修饰的名词前，此时过去分词具有形容词的特点，侧重状态和比较永久的特点。 例如a broken window 一扇坏了的窗户；a recentlybuilt house 最近建 造的一所房子 We need more experienced teachers. 我们需要更多有经验的老师。 温馨提示 有时为了强调， 单个的过去分词做定语也可以置于被修饰的名词 后面。 例如Do you know the number of the books ordered你知道订购了多少 书吗 Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。 （2） 过去分词用作后置定语若是过去分词短语做定语, 则通常置于被修 饰的名词之后。此时过去分词既有形容词的特征，又有动词的特点，但主要突出 动词的特征， 且不像前置定语那样具有永久性的特点。做后置定语的过去分词一 般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。 例如 We’ll talk about the problem discuss