污水处理工业废水回用中英文对照外文翻译文献

Catalytic strategies for industrial water re-use AbstractAbstract The use of catalytic processesi n pollution abatement and resource recovery is widespread and of significant economic importance [R.J. Farrauto, C.H. Bartholomew, Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes, Blackie Academic and Professional,1997.]. For water recovery and re-use chemo-catalysis is only just starting to make an impact although bio-catalysis is well established [J.N. Horan, BiologicalWastewater Treatment Systems; Theory and Operation, Chichester, Wiley, 1990.]. This paper will discuss some of the principles behind developing chemo-catalyticprocessesforwaterre-use.Withinthiscontextoxidative catalytic chemistry has many opportunities to underpin the development of successful processes and many emerging technologies based on this chemistry can be considered . KeywordsKeywords COD removal; Catalytic oxidation; Industrial water treatment 1.Introduction Industrial water re-use in Europe has not yet started on the large scale. However, with potential long term changes in European weather and the need for more water abstraction from boreholes and rivers, the availability of water at low prices will become increasingly rare. As water prices rise there will come a point when technologies that exist now or are being developed will make waterrecycleandre-useaviablecommercialoperation.Asthatfuture approaches,itisworthstatingthemostimportantfactaboutwastewater improvement–avoid it completely if at all possible It is best to consider water not as a naturally available cheapsolvent but rather, difficult to purify, easily contaminated material that if allowed into the environment will permeate all parts of the biosphere. A pollutant is just a material in the wrong place and therefore design your process to keep the material where it should be – contained and safe. Avoidance and then minimisation are the two first steps in looking at any pollutant removal problem. Of course avoidance may not be an option on an existing plant where any changes may have large consequences for plant items if major flowsheet revision were required. Also avoidance may mean simply transferring the issue from the aqueous phase to the gas phase. There are advantages and disadvantagest o both water and gas pollutant abatement. However, it must be remembered that gas phase organic pollutant removal VOC combustion etc., is much more advanced than the equivalent water COD removal and therefore worth consideration [1]. Because these aspects cannot be over- emphasised，a third step would be to visit the first two steps again. Clean- up is expensive, recycle and re-use even if you have a cost effective process is still more capital equipment that will lower your return on assets and make the process less financially attractive. At present the best technology for water recycle is membrane based. This is the only technology that will produce a sufficiently clean permeate for chemical process use. However, the