初高中英语衔接句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为主语，谓 语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 、主语表明句子里所谈的是“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词 的词或短语充当。例如 Lily likes her new bike.（名词）莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.（代词）他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动可充当。例如 We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird.那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father.他是我父亲。 They all look fine.他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如 I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及 物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如 Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了 一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday.（代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea.（不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语, 指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如 He gave me some ink .他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story.老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容 词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如 My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry.（形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty vears old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁 了。 五、定语定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介 词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如 This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。 Are these students your classmates（代词）这些学生是你班的吗 Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。 I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。 The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。 注意形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在 被修饰的词之后。 六、状语状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和 介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如 You are quite right.（副词）你非常正确。 Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike.（介词短语）吴老师骑自行车上学校。 She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.（介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。 He stopped to have a look.（不定式短语）他停下来看了看。 七、宾语*卜足语有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和 它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如 We call her Xiao Li. 宾语宾语补足语 You must keep the room dean and tidy. 宾语宾语补足语 John asked me to help him with his Chinese. 宾语宾语补足语 I will have my hair cut tomorrow. 宾语宾语补足语 We saw the boy playine basketball on the playground just now. 宾语宾语补足语 句子成分巧记歌诀 主谓宾表定状补, 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾（表）, 枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表, 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致, 状语位置最灵活。 rcises 指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。 1. We all study hard at English. A.主语 B,谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语 2. Betty likes her new bike very much. A,主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 3. My brother is a policeman. A,主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语 4. Were you at home last night A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 5. Winter is the coldest season of the year. A定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语 6. He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语 7. Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A. 定语 B. 状语 C. 宾补 D. 表语 8. He bought ine a nice present last week. 9. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补 His parents are doctors. A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 谓语 D.定语 ril get you some tea now. A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补 10. My mother told us an interesting storv last night. A.表语B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补 11. He has read the book twice. A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语 12. They seemed unhaLpy when t