胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题——第四章：句法

Chapter 4 Syntax Choose the best answer. 20 15 DCDDD6-10ADDBA 1. The sentence structure is. A. only linearB. only hierarchical C. complexD. both linear and hierarchical 2. The syntactic rules of any language are in number. A. largeB. small C. finiteD. infinite 3. The rules are the rules that group words and phrases to grammatical sentences. A. lexicalB. morphological C. linguisticD. combinational 4. A sentence is considered when it does not con to the grammati-cal knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. rightB. wrong C. grammaticalD. ungrammatical 5. A in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinatorB. particle C. prepositionD, subordinator 6. Phrase structure rules have properties. A. recursiveB. grammatical C. socialD. functional 7. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand. A. how words and phrases sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. all of the above. 8. The head of the phrase “the city Rome is. A. the cityB. Rome C. cityD. the city Rome 9. The phrase on the shelf belongs to construction. A. endocentricB. exocentric C. subordinateD. coordinate 10. The sentence They were wanted to remain quiet and not to expose themselves., is a sentence. A. simpleB. coordinate C. compoundD. complex IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. 20 31. Syntax Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the ation of sentences. 32. IC analysis Immediate constituent analysis, IC analysis for short, refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents word groups phrases, which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate sake of convenience. 33. Hierarchical structure It is the sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP. 34. Trace theory After the movement of an element in a sentence there will be a trace left in the original position. This is the notion trace in T-G grammar. Ifs suggested that if we have the notion trace, all the necessary ination for semantic interpretation may come from the surface structure. E.g. The passive Dams are built by beavers, differs from the active Beavers built dams, in implying that all dams are built by beavers. If we add a trace element represented by the letter t after built in the passive as Dams are built t by beavers, then the deep structure ination that the word dams was originally the object of built is also captured by the surface structure. Trace theory proves to be not only theoretically significant but also empirically valid. V. Answer the following questions. 20 35. What ar