英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案 （一）句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成 分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、 宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名 词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language, （it 作形式主语， 真正 的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在 句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下 1、简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。如He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如We are students. （四）表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系 动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一 般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、 副词及表语从句表示。例如 Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby （爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介 词后面。例如 They went to see an exhibition （展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me coming to school on time.（代 词） How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名i司化形容 词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think （that） he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类（1）双宾语（间接宾语直接宾语），例如Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语宾补）,例如They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一 般句型为某些及物动词（如make等宾语宾补）。宾补可由名词、 形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如 His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容i司） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由 以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分 词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短 语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态 特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示 Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examin