英语新闻写作复习提纲

REVIEW Cultural Assumptions behind English-language News Cultural Differences in News Reporting Between Mainland Media Foreign Media Is there any assumption behind English-language news And Why What are the cultural assumptions behind English-language news in the US Ethnocentricthey tended to see the world from an American viewpoint; Democracy--- they strongly believed that capitalism and democracy provided the best structure for society; Individualism--- they assume an individualistic view of the world; Social harmony --- politicians were seen as guardians of social harmony. What values English-language journalists share when they aspire to international professional standards What historical factors influence news reporting and writing And how The Assumptions Most news organizations assume that their first responsibility is to the people, the public. Most news organizations believe that they should be independent of government and sometimes even critical of it. They focus on the problems of the society. The job of the media is to show the problem so that others can take action to solve them. Society is strong enough to handle bad news.” English news has at its base the values of western society. These values include a strong belief in the individual and in personal freedom. Introduction to Media Writing Media Writing As Mass Communication A reporters job is to look around and see what is happening, then communicate those happenings he or she deems important to the reading, listening or viewing public. Media writing is more than a matter of gathering facts and putting words together. Writers must work within the opportunities and limits provided by technology, society, the communications process, the demands of the business, and the needs of their audience. Introduction to Media Theories Theory of denotative and connotative meanings Communication research recognizes denotative and connotative meanings of words and symbols which complicate the communication process. People attach denotative label standard, descriptive names to things, concepts and ideas, but they also put their own connotations interpretations of meaning or value on those things, concepts and ideas based on their experiences, attitudes, opinions and beliefs. The theory of cognitive dissonance The theory of cognitive dissonance says people can tolerate only so much emotional upset and, when ination we receive is different from that which we accept or are comfortable with, our mind seeks a balance by rejecting the dissonant ination or modifying it. Individual Differences Theory People are unique in the way they approach media messages. Individual demographics and experiences shape audience perceptions of communicators and their transmissions. Therefore, the credibility of sources and the way issues-oriented messages are viewed can change from person to person. Social Categories Theory Social categories the