非谓语动词常考点
非谓语动词常考点 解题策略非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。 解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词, 以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确 定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语 动词的恰当形式。 非谓语 功能 形式 动名词 具有名词功能,常在句中作 主语,宾语 主动式 doing 被动式 being done 完成式 having done/having been done 现在 分词 表主动和正在进行,常在 句中作定语,状语,宾补 一般式 doing 完成式 having done 过去 分词 表被动和已完成,常在句中 作定语,状语,补语 一般式 done 进行式 being done 完成式 having been done 动词 不定式 表将来具体某次,常在句 中作主语,定语,状语,补 语,宾语等 一般式 to do/to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done/to have been done 考点1动名词和不定式作主语 ① 如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如 To see is to believe, Seeing is believing. ② 动名词作主语的句型。如 It is no use/no good/useless doing sth. It is a waste of time doing(也可用 It is a waste of time to do) ③ 动词不定式和动名词的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构有两种It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth. 和 It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。 动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中, 只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如 His coming made me happy.I can*t imagine his/him living there alone. ④ 动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如 Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin. 考点2动名词和不定式作宾语 ① 下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语 attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect, hope, wish, want, swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan, care(关心,喜欢), happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise, undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定), manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待) ② 下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语 acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍 受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享 受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避), excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介 意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践), suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止), understand(理解),include(包括) ③ 后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有 have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in), take pleasure in, spend time/money (in), waste time(in), be worth, be busy, feel like, be committed to ④ t。作为介词的短语有 look forward to, pay attention to, object tobe opposed to, be devoted to, stick to, come close to(差一点),get down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to contribute to(sb. doing/being done) ⑤ allow, permit, forbid, advise, recommend 的用法 allo w/permit/forbid/advise/recommenddoing allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do 如 I dont allow smoking in my room. I dont allow him to smoke in my room. 基础再练用所给词的适当形式填空 ① We agreed(meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. ② The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief(catch). ③ Jeny pretended(write) when her mother came in. ④ I can hardly imagine Peter(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. ⑤ The doctor advised him(stop) smoking. 考点3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ① forget to do sth,忘记要去做某事(