高中英语复习专题定语从句(含知识要点,典型例题和解析)

嵩中英语兔习名题定语从旬 专 题 语法定语从句的结构和用法 目 标 掌握考纲语法知识 重难点 几组关系代词的区别 常考点 在语法填空和阅读理解中的运用 一. 概述 She is the血 who likes singing.她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 先行词引导词定语从句 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词 或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构主句的先行词引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 被定语从句修饰的n./pron. 3个作用①连接引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在从句中充当某一成分 定语从句 的引导词 关系代词 指人 who（主语）whom（宾语） that（主语、宾语）★whose of whom（定语） 指物 that（主语、宾语）which（主语、宾语） ★whose of which（定语） ★which/ as引导非限定性定语从句 关系副词 介词关系代词 （介词看先行词） 地点状语 where in/ at/ on which 时间状语 when during/ on/ in/ at which 原因状语why for which 二. 关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who在从句中作主语，只可指人 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Anyone who breaks the /aw should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ① Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 ② The professor whom you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ① Who is the girl whose father is a doctor父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁 ② I want the book whose cover is red.我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③ I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whosen. { then.of which/ then.of whom L 或 of whichthen./ of whomthen. ① 她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student / whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ② 你看到窗户破了的房子吗 Do you notice the house / whose window is broken the window of which is broken of which the window is broken 4. that作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语） ② China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。（that作主语） ③ The coat （that） I put on the desk is b/ue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ① Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ② The film （which） we saw last night \Nas wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③ This is the pen （which） he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语） 6. as作主语、宾语 多单独引导一个非限定性定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一点“。 as is known to all 众所周知 as anybody can see正如任何人能看到的（作宾语） as is often the case 这是常有的事 as is mentioned above正如上面所提至U的 as is reported in the newspaper 正如报纸所报道的 as we had expected正如我们所预料的（作宾语） ① As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health, （as 作宾语，句首） Smoking is harmful to ones health, as we all know, （as 作宾语，句尾） Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health, （as 作宾语，句中） As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health, （as 作主语） lts known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health. ② He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.（宾语，先行词是前面整个句子） 【考题印证】 1. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year, （2010 湖南） A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which 【解析】A。考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students,且在从句中作met的 宾语，故选关系代词wh