【精品】GRE写作笔记

GRE写作笔记 授课老师韦晓亮 笔记人宋晶路 2009年2月 第一部分 Argument 一、Argument 特点 1. 不攻击事实，只攻击逻辑 2. CConclusionAAssumptionEEvidence 二、Argument整体结构 第一段开头段 归纳论点、论据，指明logical错误个数 改写原文信息，提炼原文主干 有重点地攻击错误 第二、三、四段正文段 分类攻击各个错误独立与组合 一段只攻击一个或攻击两个或多个相结合，有全面性，有重点 第五段结尾段，总结归纳 三、如何写开头段 811 80题目，C在首末句 10题目，C在段中 10题目，有标记词，前结论被后结论否定用被否定结论否定后面的结论 发起攻击 CConclusion判断原文 Conclusion EEvidence主要的改写，提炼竹竿 FFlaws打算攻击的错误个数 四、具体写法，多样性语言 开头段1 Merely based on the unfounded assumption and dubioussuspicious evidence, the statementauthor, arguer draws the conclusion thatC. To substantiatesupport this conclusion, the arguer points out the evidence that El. In addition, he indicates that . Furthermore, he cites the results of a recent surveystatistics in support of his recommendation. At first glanceAdmittedly, I do trust you让步，this argument appears to be somewhat convincingpersuasive, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that shall be addressed in the argument. From the logical perspective, this argument suffers from N logical flaws. 开头段2 In this argument, the author concludes that . To support his conclusion, the author points out that .In addition, he infers that . Furthermore, the arguer cites as a typical example in support of this recommendation. However; these alone do not constitute a logical argument in favor of its conclusion and fail to provide convincing support making this argument sound and invulnerable. 五、如何写正文段攻击顺序 不攻击点，攻击逻辑顺序 顺序式攻击1今293 主次式攻击主今次找问题主要错误先攻击 让步式攻击逻辑排列 【A不成立9即使A成立，B不成立9即使A、B成立，C不成立颠覆推理演绎体系】 六、正文段首句 1. The threshold problem with this argument is that . 2. Another problem that wakens the logic of this argument is that . 3. Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out the last flaw involved in this argument that . 七、如何写结尾段总结陈词 CConclusion S（Suggestion） 八、结尾段具体写法 To sum up, the arguer fail up to substantiate his claim that （C）, because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To make the argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more ination with regard to （SI）. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that （S2）. Therefore if the argument had included the given factors, it would have been more thorough and logically acceptable. 九、各个逻辑错误 1 调查类错误 “2Q -Quantity （数量）;Quality （质量） 错误标志词 survey, study, sample, respondent）回应者错误），response, answer, taste, 1500（绝对数值）, 96（相对数值）,many, most（模糊数量） （1）procedure A片面性样本 先找哪里做的调查（137-193, 52-3） 确认调查对象 对对象的限定和修饰就是片面的地方 B样本质量 多错，少错，没说数量更错（131-180）段内让步 绝对数量大可能比例少 比例大可能绝对数量少 攻击体系 Unless the surveyor sampled sufficient number of and did so randomly across the entire spectrum（range）, the survey results are not reliable to gauge（评估） generally（universally）. The number of respondents/samples, in itself does not ensure representativeness. For example, if the samples included（正反条件弓I 出）only , then t