2020年高考英语专题复习:非谓语动词的语法意义和用法
2020年高考英语专题复习非谓语动词的语法意义及用法 一、学习目标 1. 学习过去分词作宾语补足语和状语 2. 掌握现在分词、过去分词及动词不定式作宾语补足语和状语时的区别 二、重点、难点 三种非谓语动词的语法意义及选择 三、考情分析 1)非谓语动词是每年高考的重点,主要考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。 2)每年的高考题中,该知识点在单项选择题中,分值为1分。同时,在篇章阅读、句 子分析时也有考查。 专家点拨 (一)知识讲解 过去分词作宾语补足语 教材原句呈现 Now when people refer to England, you find Wales included as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. 对比分析 上面两个句子中的included与connected与前面的Wales和Ireland的关系皆为被动,即 Wales被“包括”进去了,而Ireland也被“联合”在一起了。 【认知讲解】 I. 过去分词用作宾语补足语 英语中,过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动 词,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻 辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 We found the Tianan Men Square crowded with excited people. 我们发现天安门广场挤满了兴奋的人。 此句中过去分词短语作宾语补足语,与宾语theTianan Men Square之间具有被动关系, 表示一种状态。 过去分词作宾语补足语的用法概括如下 1 过去分词用在keep, leave等表示状态的动词的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don,t leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户像这样一直破着。 2 “have宾语过去分词”可以表示两种含义。 表示“让某人做某事”。 I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。 The villagers had many trees planted just then,就在那时,村民们叫人种了许多树。 表示“遭遇到某种不幸;受到打击”。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 上个月,我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。 3 在“make宾语过去分词”结构中,过去分词的动词必须表示结果。 The classroom was so noisy, so I raised my voice to make myself heard. 教室里如此嘈杂,我提高了嗓门以便被别人听到。 4 过去分词常用在感官动词 watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find 等的后 面。 When we got to school yesterday, we saw the door locked. 当我们昨天赶到学校时,我们看见门锁着。 We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。 5 过去分词用在“with 宾语宾补”结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在背后。 With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。 注意with的复合结构中,除了用过去分词,还可以用现在分词以及动词不定式。 With so much noise going on outside in the street, I cant focus on my study. 外面街上那么多噪音,我无法集中精力学习。 With so much homework to do, he has to stay up tonight,有那么多作业要做,今晚他得熬 夜了。 【考查点J 过去分词、现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别 动词宾语过去分词宾补(意义被动,已经完成) 动词宾语 ing形式宾补(意义主动,正在进行) 动词宾语 (to) do形式宾补(意义主动,或未进行,或是动作的全过程) 这类动词有see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, listen to, look at, feel, find He heard his name called when he was walking in the street. 在街上走的时候,他听见有人在叫他的名字。(被动) When I came back to Beijing, I found the city greatly changed. 我回到北京后,发现这个城市变化很大。(被动,完成) It was already midnight, I found the students still studying hard in the classroom. 已经深夜了,我发现那些学生还在教室里很用功地学习。(主动,正在进行) I didnt notice her leaving for I was reading a novel. 我在读一篇小说,所以没有注意到她离开。(主动) On my way to school, I noticed an old man fall into the river. 上学的路上,我看到一个老人掉进了河里。(主动,全过程) II.过去分词作状语 教材原句呈现 Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known /br their expertise, his parents company, called Future Tours /transported me safely into the future in a tim