2020年高考英语复习情态动词

高考英语复习情态动词 【壹】什么是情态（助）动词 他在家吗 He is at home.（事实） He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）90 He could be at home.（很可能）60〜70 He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）30〜50 He might be at home.（或许，非常不确定）10-25 He might not be at home.（也许不在家） He may not be at home.（比 might 可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（定不在家）90 He isnt at home.（事实） 、情态动词列举 may / might can / could will / would shall / should must need dare used to ought to had better 二、使用情态动词的意义 1、基本功能 做事的能力或潜能（can/could） I can lift 25kg. I can type. 允许（may / might） You may leave early. 预告（will / would / shall） It will rain soon. -Can we find our way home - Pm sure we shall. 不可推卸的义务和责任should / ought to / must You should do as you are told. You ought to do as you are told. You must be quiet. 请求 May I have your name, please Can I use your pen 你生病了，得去看医生 You must see a doctor. I think it might possibly be advisable for you to see a doctor. 2、推测功能 三、情态动词的语法特征 1、没有壁和数的变化 第一组 I have a book. He has a book. They have a book. 第二组 I enjoy watching TV. We enjoy watching TV. He enjoys watching TV. 第三组 He is sleeping. I am sleeping. They are sleeping. 对比 He can swim. I can swim. We can swim. You can swim. 2、后接动词原形一起作谓语 We must rcise regularly. He may come late for a third time. She can swim across the river. 【贰】各种〃推测〃的用法 可以根据推测的时间，分为三种情况 ① 推测W各来情况用“情态动词动词原形” She may/might/could come tomorrow. ② 推测现在情况用“情态动词动词原形”（或“情态动词be现在 分词”） His father cant be at home now. He may stay at home now. His mother must be cooking now. ③ 推测过去情况用“情态动词have过去分词” She must have read the book.她一定读过这本书。 She cant have been there before.她以前不可能去过那里。 在表示“推测“时，情态动词用原形还是过去式，反映的是可能 性大小而不是时态 XHH is handsome.（事实） XHH must be handsome.（非常肯定的推断） XHH could be handsome.（很可能） XHH may be handsome.（仅仅可能而已） XHH might be handsome.（或许，非常不确定） XHH might not be handsome.（也许不在家） XHH may not be handsome.（比 might 可能） XHH couldnt be handsome.（很可能不在家） XHH cant be handsome.（定不在家） XHH isnt handsome.（事实） 一、“情态动词动词原形〃推测现在或将来情况 1、may 与can表示推测 ① can表示理论上推测，多用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。 He cant be at home.他不可能在家。（为什么这么说是理论上推测出来的。） Can the news be true这消息可能是真的吗（问时，实际上在思考在推理） 【小试牛刀】 1. The book is neither yours nor mine. Whose it be A. mustB. mayC. should D. can ② may和might用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”，多用于肯定句。 It may rain tomorrow.（表示可能会发生） He may not come tomorrow.（他明天可能不来） He cant come tomorrow.（他明天不可能来） 【小试牛刀】 2. The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place A. can B. mustC. needD. might 3. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself. A. wont; cantB. mustnt （千万不能）;may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt ③ 用于否定句时，cant常译作“不可能”，而may not常译作“可能不”。 【小试牛刀】 4. You be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 5. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers not like the design of the furniture. A. mustB. shal