四级语法知识点总结(上)

沪江网校四级资料 四级语法学问点总结 一时态所谓的时态，就是时间状态。谓语动词的时态见下表 1．主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2．被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / / v CET-4 常考的三种时态过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 v 时间状语从句当中的时态 一般过去时 全部的过去 用一般现在时表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 二非谓语动词 1．不定式 一）不定式的常考形式 1 一般形式He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式 He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能 表示与谓语动词同步发生 2 完成形式He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三不定式的省略 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我望见他在花园里干活了。强调我望见了这个事实 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作） v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四有些动词后只跟不定式如 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom oneself to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 2. 动名词 具有动作性特征的名词 1是名词 seeing is believing 2具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 一动名词的形式 一般形式I dont like you smoking. 完成形式I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式This question is far from being settled. 二 动名词常考的点 1动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 2在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 3动名词的否定干脆在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或全部格形式给出逻辑主语. I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．youre calling（KeyC your calling 也对） I regret not having taken your advice. 4有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; e