同位语从句重难点解析及习题
同位语从句 一、 同位语从句概述 同位语从句是用以说明说明某一名词内容的从句,常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether和副词how,when,where等。 二、 同位语从句点拨 (1) 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时,用连词that引导。注that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,通常不省略。如I got the news that he would come to see me the next week. (2) 同位语从句是疑问句时,应依据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether不能用if等词来引导。如The question who is the best for the job requires consideration. (3) 分隔式同位语从句当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常把同位语从句后置。如An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring. (4) 后面常跟同位语的词有doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注advice,order,suggestion等词表示建议、吩咐的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用should 动词原形。如He made the suggestion that the meetingshould be put off. 三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 (1) 所表达的内容不同同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从句是对该名词的说明和说明,而定语从句是对该名词的修饰,说明它的性质特征。如The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所供应的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句) The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us all. 她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊异。(同位语从句) (2) 在句中所起的语法作用不同引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它的作用是连接主句和从句,并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分,而且that作宾语时可省略,指物时,可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接主句和从句的作用,它不充当任何成分,不能省略,也不行被which代替。 如 We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇其次年到中国来访的愿望。(同位语从句) The newsthat/whichwe heard spread all over the city. 我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。(定语从句) (3) 所修饰的词不尽相同同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限,往往是含有某种信息的词,如message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion, order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等,而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 (4) wh-引导词引导同位语从句时,有其本身的疑问含义;引导定语从句时则没有疑问的意思。如; I have no idea where the meeting will be held.(同位语从句) He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.(定语从句) 四、 相关练习 1There is no obvious evidence_____there is life on any other planet in the solar system. A.which B.that C.how D.where 解析选B没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位语从句不缺少任何成分,故用that引导。 2My friend showed me round the town,_____was very kind of him. A.which B.that C.where D.it 解析选A 我的挚友领我参观了这个城镇,他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语,所以用which引导,先行词是前面的整个句子。That不能引导非限制性定语从句;where引导定语从句在从句中作状语;it不能引导从句。 3Many children,_____parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 解析 选B很多孩子的父母远在大城市打工,这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照看。依据句子结构推断,逗号后面是定语从句,从句主语parents前缺少定语,故用关系代词whose引导。Their和of them 不能引导定语从句;with whom 不能作定语。 4It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently. A.that B.when C.which D.where 5Many young people in the West are expected to leave _____ could be life’s most important decisionmarriage---almost entirely up to luck. A.as B.that C.which D.what 解析 选D 很多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的确定-------婚姻,几乎完全寄予于运气。Leave在此是及物动词,表示“把留给某人确定”,所选项引导其宾语从句并在从句中作主语,所以选连接代词what。As不引导名词性从