小学英语基础知识总结
第一部分基础知识 1.字母26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音元音的发音五个元音字母AEIOU12个单元音前元音[i] [ɪ] /e/ []中元音[ɜ] [ə]后元音[ɑ] [ɒ] [ɔ] [u ] [ʊ] [ʌ]双元音(8个)Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]3.词汇词汇量,近反义词4.句子大小写,标点符号 第二部分语法知识 一 名词 名词单复数,名词的格式一名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如knife-knives5.不规则名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea二名词的格1 有生命的东西的名词所有格a 单数后加 ’s 如 Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如 his friends’ bagsc 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoesl并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车2表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of 名词”来表示所有关系如a picture of the classroom a map of China 二 冠词 不定冠词,定冠词种类1不定冠词a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /2定冠词the the egg the plane2. 用法定冠词的用法1特指某些人或某些物The ruler is on the desk.2复述上文提到的人或物He has a sweater. The sweater is new.3谈话双方都知道的人或物The boys aren’t at school.4在序数词前John’s birthday is February the second.5用于固定词组中in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况1专有名词前China is a big country.2名词前有定语this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等This is my baseball.3复数名词表示一类人和事Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.4在节日,日期,月份,季节前Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.5一日三餐前We have breakfast at 630.6球类 棋类运动前They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词I play the guitar very well.7学科名称前My favorite subject is music.8在称呼或头衔的名词前This is Mr Li.9固定词组中at noon at night by bus 三 代词、形容词、副词 代词人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格 第一人称单数I我memy我的复数we我们usour我们的第二人称单数you你youyour你的复数you你们youyour你们的第三人称单数he他himhis他的she她herher她的it它itits它的复数they他们/她们/它们themtheir他们的/她们的/它们的 形容词,副词比较级,最高级一、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格口语中可用宾格。2.形容词加er的规则⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;⑷ 以“辅音字母y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3.不规则形容词比较级good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同不规则变化well-better, far-farther 四 四、数词基数词、序数词11-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty221-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。2