(1.2.1)--1.2TheHistoryofartificialintelli

History of Artificial Intelligence Alan Turing Alan Turing 1912-1954 mathematician computer scientist logician theoretical biologist Turing Award 2018 Turing Award The father of modern computer. The father of Artificial Intelligence. Turing Test Ifahumancouldnotdistinguishbetween responses from a machine and a human, the machine could be considered intelligent. Origin of Artificial Intelligence First Burst 1957-1974 Frank Rosenblatt developed the Perceptron 1957 John McCarthy developed programming language Lisp 1958 Arthur Samuel coined the term “machine learning”1959 Frank Rosenblatt John McCarthy Arthur Samuel First Burst 1957-1974 The first industrial robot, Unimate 1961 Joseph Weizenbaum developed ELIZA 1965 Marvin Minsky created a robotic arm 1971 Unimate ELIZArobotic arm AI Winter 1974-1980 Lack of computational power Difficulty of problems Limitation of theory Second Burst 1980-1987 John Hopfield popularized “deep learning” Jeffery Hinton invented back-propagation neural network Edward Feigenbaum introduced expert systems John Hopfield Geoffrey Hinton Edward Feigenbaum Third Burst 1993-now Deep Blue defeated Kasparov 1997 Sepp Hochreiter proposed Long Short-Term Memory 1997 Geoffrey Hinton put forward the concept of “deep learning“ （2006） Deep BlueLSTMHinton Deep Learning Third Burst 1993-now Feifei Li assembled ImageNet 2006 Andrew Ng used GPU to processed Large-scale Deep Unsupervised Learning 2009 Fei Fei LiAndrew Ng Third Burst 1993-now Watson defeated two Jeopardyer champions 2011 Google selfdriving-car 2014 AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol 2016 WatsonWaymo AlphaGo